A simulation may include elements of which type of training?

The correct answer is computer-based training. This type of training utilizes technology to create a simulated environment where learners can engage in tasks and scenarios that mimic real-world situations. Computer-based simulations can enhance learning by allowing participants to practice decision-making, problem-solving, and critical thinking in a controlled and safe environment. They provide realistic scenarios where learners can see the outcomes of their decisions without the risks associated with live training exercises.

In the context of instructional design, computer-based training can also accommodate a variety of learning styles, making it an effective tool for reaching diverse learners. The interactivity and immediacy of feedback within computer-based simulations further reinforce the learning experience by helping users understand the consequences of their actions in the simulated context.

Other elements mentioned, such as case studies, focus referencing, and skill performances, typically do not offer the same immersive and interactive experience as computer-based training. While they can be valuable instructional methods, they may not fully replicate the dynamic environment that simulations provide.