In criterion-referenced testing, what does a passing score indicate?

In criterion-referenced testing, a passing score indicates mastery of the required objectives. This type of testing is designed to assess whether a learner has achieved a predetermined standard or level of knowledge and skill as defined by specific criteria. The focus is on whether the student knows the material to the extent necessary to meet those predefined standards, rather than how they perform in relation to other test takers.

This distinguishes criterion-referenced testing from norm-referenced testing, where a passing score might suggest a relative position on a performance scale compared to peers. In criterion-referenced contexts, students are evaluated solely based on whether they meet or exceed the established goals, making mastery of the content the key indicator for a passing score.