In terms of assessment, what does "criterion-referenced" refer to?

Criterion-referenced assessment refers to evaluating a learner's performance based on a predetermined standard or specific set of criteria. This method focuses on whether students have achieved the defined criteria, rather than comparing their performance to that of their peers. In criterion-referenced assessments, the objective is to determine if each student has met or exceeded the standards set forth, making it a valuable tool for measuring individual knowledge or skills in relation to the established benchmarks.

This approach is particularly beneficial in educational settings where it's important to establish whether learners possess specific competencies or knowledge as required for certain tasks or certifications. By focusing on a fixed standard of performance, criterion-referenced assessments provide a clear framework for indicating mastery of skills, which aids both instruction and learning outcomes.