Which learning theory assumes that adults learn faster and surer when they can practice an action?

The correct choice emphasizes the principle of reinforcement through practice, known as the exercise theory. This learning theory highlights the importance of repetition and physical engagement in the learning process, particularly for adults. When individuals can actively practice an action, they reinforce their learning by applying knowledge in real-world scenarios. This hands-on approach allows adults to internalize concepts more effectively, as they can make adjustments and receive feedback during the practice.

In contrast, the other theories focus on different aspects of learning. The effect theory is concerned with the consequences of actions and how positive or negative outcomes can influence future behavior. The disuse theory suggests that skills or knowledge that are not regularly used will fade over time. Lastly, the association theory emphasizes the connections made between different pieces of information rather than the necessity of practice itself.

Understanding the exercise theory is particularly useful for instructors, as it underlines the importance of providing learners with ample opportunities to practice skills in various settings to enhance retention and mastery.