Which type of test measures the student's comprehensive knowledge and skills at a major segment or at the end of the course?

The correct choice is summative because this type of test is specifically designed to assess a student's understanding and competencies after completing a major portion of a course or at its conclusion. Summative assessments focus on evaluating the cumulative knowledge that a student has gained and are often used to measure how well the learning objectives have been met.

These tests can take various forms, such as final exams, projects, or presentations, and they typically provide a comprehensive assessment of a learner’s skills and knowledge in relation to the entire course material. By using summative assessments, instructors can make informed decisions about the effectiveness of the teaching methods applied and the overall success of the educational program. This method contrasts with formative assessments, which are employed throughout the learning process to monitor student progress and provide feedback rather than to evaluate final learning outcomes.